What constitutes a sci-fi movie? Our panel of specialists had varied opinions but ultimately selected those films that left them astonished, frightened, and captivated—from spaceships to time machines, sharp political commentaries to apes dominating the planet.

Here are their 20 favorite science fiction films—do you agree with the list? Have we omitted a classic that deserves recognition? Share your personal favorites in the comments below.

1985

A cherished comedy about time travel featuring an everyday teenager exploring his parents’ youth, this film skyrocketed Michael J. Fox to fame and made the DMC DeLorean iconic. It was even cited in Ronald Reagan’s 1986 State of the Union address (“where we’re going, we don’t need roads”). Christopher Lloyd shines as Doc Brown, delivering an unforgettable performance. Naomi Alderman states, “This is one of the most flawless films ever created. It resonates with every teenager who wonders, ‘Were my parents ever young? And how did they even get together?’” Chris van Tulleken adds, “I’ve always been an admirer. It was groundbreaking in addressing time travel while cleverly acknowledging its inconsistencies.”

19. Arrival

2016

This film, directed by Denis Villeneuve, poses the question: How can we communicate with extraterrestrial beings? Amy Adams delivers a stunning performance as a linguistics expert called to decipher the language of 12 alien crafts hovering over Earth. Based on Ted Chiang’s novella, Tom Holland remarks, “This represents intelligent and emotionally engaging science fiction.” He adds that the film’s conclusion still brings tears to his eyes.

18. Primer

2004

Created on a meager budget of $7,000, Shane Carruth’s film centers around two engineers who develop time travel using parts scavenged from a refrigerator. Its convoluted narrative has spawned numerous Reddit discussions as viewers attempt to map out its complexities. Ditum calls it compelling for its authentic representation of tech entrepreneurs who exploit new technology without considering the ethical implications.

17. Nope

2022

In his ambitious third directorial project, Jordan Peele presents a blend of humor, depth, and mystery with themes potentially revolving around alien encounters. Naomi Alderman finds it to be endlessly rewatchable and insightful.

16. When Worlds Collide

1951

This fast-paced disaster film tells the tale of a cosmic threat to Earth and a mission to transport survivors to a new world. Although it loosely inspired the more recent film Deep Impact, the original won an Oscar for its groundbreaking special effects. Brian Cox reminisces fondly, saying, “As a child, I adored this film. Its vision of humanity’s destiny among the stars has always captivated me.”

15. Solaris

2002

Originally adapted by Andrei Tarkovsky, Steven Soderbergh’s version of the classic novel follows the story of a scientist grappling with loss as he discovers a living replica of his deceased partner on a space station. Kevin Maher asserts that, while the original is often deemed superior, this remake has its own merits, especially with its strong performances and emotional depth.

14. Under the Skin

2014

Directed by Jonathan Glazer, this haunting adaptation of Michel Faber’s novel stars Scarlett Johansson as a mysterious figure preying on men in Scotland. While Glazer’s films may be few, their impact is undeniable. Ditum describes it as both disturbing and beautiful, leaving a lasting impression.

13. Starship Troopers

1997

Paul Verhoeven’s satirical take on humanity’s fight against alien insects serves as both entertainment and sharp commentary. Alderman points out its effectiveness in prompting viewers to reconsider historical parallels. Tom Holland adds that it narrowly surpasses Galaxy Quest as the best satire of Star Trek ever made.

12. Blade Runner

1982

Though it initially struggled to find its audience, Ridley Scott’s Blade Runner evolved into a cult classic, raising fundamental questions about existence and humanity’s relationship with artificial intelligence. Brian Cox echoes the film’s depth, pondering its philosophical implications regarding memory and identity.

11. Interstellar

2014

Christopher Nolan’s epic blends stunning visuals with emotional narratives as it follows an astronaut, portrayed by Matthew McConaughey, attempting to save humanity amidst family separation. Observations about time and reality contribute to its standing as a noteworthy film for many, including Jim Al-Khalili, who appreciates its adherence to real physics.

10. Groundhog Day

1993

This film about a time loop is regarded as science fiction by Alderman, who believes it speaks profoundly about life choices. Bill Murray’s iconic role as a weatherman reliving the same day captivates audiences with its mixture of humor and philosophical insight.

9. Invasion of the Body Snatchers

1978

A chilling narrative about identity and conformity, Philip Kaufman’s remake updates the original story to reflect contemporary fears. Donald Sutherland leads as a health officer uncovering unsettling transformations within his community. Alderman deems it both thrilling and thought-provoking, addressing the risks of losing our sense of self to an overwhelming force.

8. Planet of the Apes

1968

Considered the pinnacle of sci-fi storytelling, this franchise begins with a gripping scenario where apes dominate and humans are oppressed. Its iconic final scene leaves a lasting impact, as noted by Holland, who describes it as visually unforgettable.

7. Robocop

1987

Paul Verhoeven’s darkly comedic film depicts a cyborg reclaiming his humanity in a chaotic future. Its blend of humor and poignant moments resonates well with audiences, described by Ditum as both outrageously funny and heart-wrenching.

6. The Matrix

1999

Despite the mixed reception of its sequels, the original film remains a champion of its genre. Keanu Reeves’ training for the role reflects the film’s dedication to action and storytelling. Maher calls it the defining sci-fi film of its time, capturing the essence of the emerging digital age.

5. Close Encounters of the Third Kind

1977

Steven Spielberg’s exploration of extraterrestrial contact, featuring Richard Dreyfuss, paints a hopeful narrative about aliens as potential allies. Cox believes it embodies a more optimistic portrayal of interstellar visitors compared to other works of the genre.

4. Metropolis

1927

Fritz Lang’s cinematic marvel presents a dystopian future with profound social commentary that still resonates today. Its influence is vast, particularly in the realm of science fiction involving robots. Maher notes, “Metropolis is the precursor to many narratives involving humanoid machines.”

3. Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope

1977

George Lucas’s monumental film set a new standard for sci-fi blockbusters, highlighting unforgettable characters and moments. Cox believes anyone born in the late Sixties must include Star Wars on their list of influential films. Van Tulleken admires how it creatively utilized practical effects over CGI technology.

2. Alien

1979

Ridley Scott’s iconic film redefined the horror genre set in space. It features a captivating performance by Sigourney Weaver and raises questions about survival and the nature of fear. Ditum praises its ability to merge science fiction with visceral horror eloquently. Robert Winston respects how effectively it constructs tension.

1. 2001: A Space Odyssey

1968

Stanley Kubrick’s masterwork remains an influential milestone in filmmaking. Upon its release, it captivated audiences with its visionary approach to the future and mankind’s place in the cosmos. Its iconic sequences continue to resonate, particularly the interactions with HAL, reflecting existential themes that challenge our understanding of humanity. Al-Khalili acknowledges its timeless relevance, while Cox highlights its profound philosophical inquiries.